The purpose of the present study was to determine the role of the behavioralcognitive dimension in medical education. A qualitative study was conducted to extract the data required for this purpose. The research population was the most prestigious medical universities of the Ministry of Health in Iran. The qualitative phase was conducted through interviewing with the university officials. Then, the interviews were analyzed using content analysis, and MAXQDA10 software was used to analyze the qualitative data. Next, the content of the interviews was categorized into one category, four concepts and eighty codes. The main category of the study was the process of medical education. The concepts of the study were as follows: 1) cognitive objectives of the medical education system; 2) behavioral-cognitive factors; 3) cognitive strategies; 4) behavior. The main cognitive objectives of the medical education system were innovation, problem solving, realization, and perception. Obtained in our results were also 42 behavioral-cognitive factors, 10 cognitive strategies, and 25 behaviors. It is essential to take into account the behavioralcognitive dimension in policy-making, planning, presenting proposals, and executing academic activities.